Major Theoretical Approaches Applied By Sociologists

Discussing Major Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists Morakinyo Ladipo-Ajayi 6345172 Principles of Sociology SOC 1101 C Dr. Liam Kilmurray Discussing Major Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists Introduction In our world today, many people look at society in different ways. What one person sees may differ from what another person sees. People may present one thing in a different way than another would. However, though we approach a topic differently does not mean we are wrong or right. This is just how society as a whole functions. It has been this way in the past and is still present now, and will be the same in the future. Sociologists are one of such people who do this, and†¦show more content†¦Namely; The Symbolic Interactionism’s Perspective, The Conflict Perspective, and The Functionalist’s Perspective. These three perspectives will explain how we as people choose to analyze a given subject or topic, and how society as a whole plays a role in all of it. Given from a sociologist point of view the perspectives will be explained in terms of how society has influence on things. It will be a clear layout as to how society, social forces, and human behavi or all play a role. The Symbolic Interactionism Perspective Symbolic Interactionism is a perspective that allows us to observe the world and view it in a different light using signs and symbols around us. It is an explanatory theory, which teaches the understanding of our society by focusing on the micro-level of society. The reason it is viewed on a micro level is to understand a small part of society in order for sociologists to understand the society on a macro level. This theory makes the use of symbols in interacting with other members of the society very important. The use of symbols allows us to place meanings to things, people and events, while helping us to give interpretations with those symbols. Sociologists look at the different symbols and small details of everyday life, how symbols relate with one another and what they mean. They also observe how people interact with each other. These symbols review how small groups interact

Marketing Plan For Procter And Gamble - 1446 Words

PROBLEM DEFINITION Scope is mint flavored mouthwash and is one of the main product brands of Procter and Gamble, Inc. Scope became the market pioneer in Canadian mouthwash market in 1976 and till 1990 it has delighted itself as the best piece of the pie in market share of mouthwashes. Plax was presented in Canada in 1998 on an alternate stage from the customary mouthwashes. Plax is the main player in the business sector portion of plaque fight. By and large, Canadian mouthwash business sector is developing at a yearly rate of five percent, and plaque battling portion speak to 10 % of this business sector. At that period of time Scope wasn’t working as the protection or prevention product for fighting plaque, the main point is the†¦show more content†¦Be that as it may, in 1988 Plax was presented as pre-brushing wash and it was the principal mouthwash to fight plaque. Plax set up new portion inside of mouthwash business sector, fragment of plaque-battling and picked up 10 % of aggregate business sector. In the period of 1989-1990, the market share of mouthwash business was increased by 5%, while Scope had started losing its piece of the overall industry market share which has dropped by 0.7% from 33% to 32.3%. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS As indicated by the information from the statistical surveying, around 75% of Canadian populace are utilizing mouthwash brands, and by and large, utilization is three times each week for every grown-up family unit part. Moreover, market can be divided by recurrence of utilization: †¢ heavy clients (once every day or more) – 40% †¢ medium clients (two to six times each week) – 45% †¢ light clients (less than once every week) – 15% Most vital purposes behind utilization of mouthwash are as per the following: †¢ It is a piece of my fundamental oral cleanliness – 40% †¢ It disposes of terrible breath – 40% †¢ It eliminates germs – 30% †¢ It makes me feel more sure – 20% †¢ To ardent culpable others – 25% With respect to distribution channels, Scope is for the mostly offered in food stores and that is the reason their share in food stores is 42%, while in drugstores 27%, and roughly 65% of allShow MoreRelatedProduct Market Analysis : Procter And Gamble Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesProduct-Market Analysis Procter and Gamble heritage began back in 1837 and has brought forth many brands over the years to make the consumers happy. Procter and Gamble Company have five segments under Global Business Unit (GBU): Health Care (Family, Baby, and Feminine), Beauty, Grooming and Home Care. The GBUs have a responsibility for developing the overall brand strategy and innovations with new product and upgrades, along with marketing plans. Proctor and Gamble customers include merchandisersRead MoreThe Search And Capture Of Customer Value1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe Search and Capture of Customer Value For Procter Gamble to enter into a region that would, arguably, produce very limited profits and growth in the immediate foreseeable future is an action that would raise eyebrows. Given the aspects of the specific characteristics of the target market in terms of income, cultures and their tastes and preferences, the entry by Procter Gamble can only be summed up as visionary and strategic. There are better markets in the West where the company could haveRead MoreProcter Gamble859 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Procter and Gamble Case Study Procter Gamble Executive summary: Procter and gamble is one of the most successful companies in the world. the company markets its brands in more than 140 countries, and had net earnings of $1.6 billions in 1990.the Canadian subsidiary contributed $1.4 billion in sales and $100 million in net earnings in 1990.it was recognized as a leader in the Canadian packaged-goods industry, and its customers brands led in most of the categories in which the company competedRead MoreCase Study: Procter Gamble Business Strategy786 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study: Procter Gamble Business Strategy Summary: Procter Gamble, the internationally known company that was founded in 1837, is the producer of various everyday household goods. Over the many years of manufacturing, marketing, and distributing products, the company developed many business strategies and adjusted them accordingly when needed. The first strategy Procter Gamble used was to have mass production of goods out of their hometown, Cincinnati. Then they would have a group ofRead MoreCase Study About Procter and Gamble Company1228 Words   |  5 PagesProcter and Gamble Company Case Analysis This case study analysis focused on Procter and Gamble Company’s marketing plans and strategic options on its light-duty liquid brands (LDL). Procter amp; Gamble is the world’s largest producer of household and hygiene products. By 1981 Pamp;G operated in 26 countries and sales totaled $11.4 billion with 90 consumer and industrial products manufactured in the United States. The case study provided some very detailed data analysis and reports in terms ofRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Procter Gamble856 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Analysis Procter Gamble (P G) Proctor and Gamble is an American corporation dealing in consumer products. The company markets its range of goods to different global regions having expanded to new markets over time. Among the consumer products offered by Procter and Gamble include cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care supplies among other products (Proctor Gamble Company Case Study Analysis, 2016). The corporation prides itself on innovations and collaborations asRead MoreTaking a Look at Procter Analysis1005 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Procter and Gamble (P G) is one of the renowned and well-known firms in the world and specifically America and it was originated in 1837.This firm was founded by William Procter and James Gamble. In the beginning, they used to manufacture only soap and candles but as the time passed their growth in business was the remarkable effort. Procter and Gamble has become one of the biggest consumer goods company in the world. Their products are sold in over 180 countries, which include severalRead MoreDreamers1047 Words   |  5 Pagesvolution of Strategy at Procter Gamble Founded in 1837, Cincinnati-based Procter Gamble has long been one of the world’s most international of companies. Today PG is a global colossus in the consumer products business with annual sales in excess of $50 billion, some 54 percent of which are generated outside of the United States. PG sells more than 300 brands—including Ivory soap, Tide, Pampers, Iams pet food, Crisco, and Folgers—to consumers in 160 countries. Historically the strategy at PGRead MoreColgate Max Fresh: Global Brand Roll-Out1079 Words   |  5 Pagesreviewing market launch plans for a new toothpaste, Colgate Max Fresh (CMF) by CP’s Chinese and Mexican subsidiaries. Both launch plans involved departures from the CMF marketing program for the USA launch six months earlier. Burton must decide whether the costs of marketing program adaptation in China and Mexico can be justified. â€Å"Was CMF launched in the U.S. with a global marketing program? If not, what aspects were not transferable?† The reality is that the U.S. Marketing team took little orRead MoreBradley Associates : Marketing Strategy For Your Company Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunities for clients. We help companies plan and implement successful strategic marketing programs that are on-target and resonate with new international audiences. We provide clients with deeper insight into customers across countries with their needs across multiple demographic segments. Bradley and Associates then works with seeking companies to develop innovative marketing campaigns that will make a home country brand successful in another. Our marketing strategy for your company includes: ââ€" 

The Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost - 968 Words

Personal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we make and how much a simple choice can affect our own and others’ lives. The first part, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, and sorry I could not travel both, and be one traveler, long I stood, and looked down one as far as I could,† is about the†¦show more content†¦The next part, â€Å"Though as for that the passing there had worn them really about the same, and both that morning equally lay, in leaves no step had trodden black,† is talking about how one path is used more than the other. It’s always easy to follow the same path that others have taken because you often know what will happen. Some people are happy with the thought through choices they make that everyone else has made. Those who live full, adventurous lives are the ones who go down the less used path and make their own tracks. This often takes a lot of courage because it can be considered â€Å"abnormal† to those around us. In reality, everyone would be more open to adventure and willing to take opportunities if society didn’t have this f ixed idea of normality that some people are afraid to venture out of. The next three lines, â€Å"Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back,† are about how life is made up of many different roads. Each choice we make opens up a whole new world of possibilities leading to more paths. This part is significant because the author is trying to say that he will never return to that exact path and won’t be able to backtrack the exact same way as he came. Whenever we make decisions, whether it be a big decision or a small one, if has an impact. It may not seem like at theShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with about making choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devices. The title of this poem canRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarificationRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1297 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poet at the time. The poem I’ll be unveiling is â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, one of the most well-known poets of the modern literature movement. He lived most of his life in America but moved to the UK a few years before World War 1. (Schmoop, 2008). Frost is known for pioneering the idea that poetry deserves to be spoken out loud, using rhythm and meter, giving his work a traditional ambiance. The title ‘The Road Not Taken’ suggests there is no â€Å"right† path, only the chosen path and

The Strategy for Building a Global Brand @Lenovo

Question: Describe about the Strategy Synthesis,Lenovo for Building a Global Brand? Answer: Introduction An analysis of the case study on Lenovo making a global brand has indicated different major findings. The case analysis indicates that Lenovo has acquired IBM in order to go global and establish itself as a global brand. Initially, Lenovo was known as Legend and it has concentrated its focus only on the Chinese industry. However, with the intense level of competition, Lenovo felt the need of going global, and as a part of its strategy, it has performed the acquisition of IBM. There are different important facts related to such acquisition deal by Lenovo has been presented in the given case, and it has also been analysed that there has been the presentation of different strategies as applied by Lenovo in becoming a reputed global brand (Kapferer Jean-Noel, 2008). This case analysis focuses on different such important elements related to the Lenovos decision of going global, and success or failure of Lenovo prior to the acquisition and after the acquisition are considered. In addition to this, the case analysis also focuses towards analysing the advantages and disadvantages of strategies that have been considered by Lenovo in globalising its brand. Finally, there will be the strategic analysis of the given Lenovo case that will be performed through the application of strategic analytical tool such as SWOT, PESTEL, BCG matrix and Porter five forces. Based on the findings from the entire case study, it will be summarised in the conclusion section. IBM Selling its PC Business An analysis of the case study has reflected that Lenovo has acquired the PC business of IBM. However, in entering into such deal, there has been certain specific intent that has been noted with regard to IBM. The main factor that drives IBM in selling its PC business as identified from the case is mainly the change in the focus of the company. IBM has been known as the most reputed seller of PCs but it has changed its focus from being the seller of PCs to providing IT consulting services to its customers. The case analysis has resulted into the identification that IBM has realised about the declining potential of PC industry and the level of competition has also been rising. As a result, the PC selling business looks quite unattractive and the focus of IBM has mostly been towards providing IT consulting services. In addition to this, the case analysis also indicates that IBM has considered this deal within Lenovo as an opportunity because it would allow it in dropping down its unprof itable operations and thereby in concentrating on consulting services such as outsourcing of enterprise IT operations (Quelch Knoop, 2006). The company focused on long term growth strategy and it realised that by concentrating on selling PCs, it wont be able to achieve or maintain its growth position in the industry. It has therefore diversified its strategic focus by paying attention towards IT consulting services and selling off its PC business to Lenovo (Sharp, 2010). An analysis of the case has indicated that IBM has sold its business to Lenovo, and the assessment of the case has resulted into the identification that the most significant reason that becomes the primary contributing factor to IBM in selling its business to Lenovo is mainly the agreement by Lenovo on the terms as presented by IBM. As for instance, even after the acquisition, IBM owned 8.9% in the new acquired firm, and it has also been agreed by Lenovo that after the acquisition, Lenovo would not interfere in the consulting services that would be provided by IBM. There would not be any competitive conditions that would be introduced by Lenovo as agreed prior to the deal. These agreements by Lenovo on the terms and conditions of IBM have made it the most prospective customer and IBM ultimately sold its PC business to Lenovo. This has been the primary reason that has contributed towards the IBM business being sold to Lenovo as indicated in the case analysis (Whittington, 2001). Application of BCG Matrix: This particular decision of IBM selling its PC business to Lenovo can be better assessed through the application of BCG matrix. This matrix indicates the relative position of the company in relation to market performance, and it thereby explains the strategy that needs to be considered by businesses. There are four important positions such as cash cows, dogs, star and question mark. These particular attributes of BCG matrix explains different important indication of an organisations performance in relative to industry performance. An analysis of the given case of Lenovo indicates that the PC industry performance was declining and there was little scope available in the PC selling business. This led to IBM considered the strategy of targeting IT consulting services. This particular strategy of IBM can be best correlated with that of cash cows whereby the declining market performance has resulted into important decisions being undertaken by IBM in the form of leaving the PC segment and providing IT consulting services (Pettigrew, Thomas Whittington, 2002). Explaining Lenovos Success Prior to the Acquisition The case analysis has also indicated about the history of Lenovo whereby it has been assessed that Lenovo initially was known as Legend and it has established itself as a major seller of PC products across Chinese markets. Lenovo has organised itself as the most prominent brand in China with its core emphasis on innovation, quality and efficiency in its products and services offerings. The ability to innovate and offer something new has been the core feature that brought higher level of success and growth to Lenovo prior to acquisition. This has been identified from the case analysis whereby it has been evaluated that Lenovo has been the first company that has introduced Chinese-character card and it has contributed significantly towards the growth of the organisation.The card as introduced by the company is aimed at translating the English language into Chinese and this has been a significant contributor to the growth and recognition of Lenovo in the Chinese markets (Quelch Knoop, 2006). The local level focus of Lenovo in the Chinese markets and catering to the needs and expectations of its customers has been the primary contributing factor that has ensured success to the firm. In addition to this, the continuous and rapid level of innovation as introduced by Lenovo has also been the primary factor that has contributed towards higher organisational success. Further, prior to acquisition, the focus was highly localised and the company has concentrated all its resources in targeting Chinese markets. This has allowed Lenovo in achieving breakthrough improvements in its performance. All these factors have become the primary contributory factor to the growth and success of Lenovo prior to acquisition of IBM. The innovation along with ability of Lenovo in catering to the specific needs and requirements of its customers in China has driven company to higher level of growth and development (Quelch Knoop, 2006). Application of SWOT Analysis: This Lenovos success prior to the acquisition can be better evaluated through SWOT analysis. The strength point of Lenovo as identified from the case is its ability in designing cards that can convert English language into Chinese whereas the weakness of Lenovo is that it has created its brand image only across the Chinese markets. In terms of threats are concerned, the major threat to Lenovo is mainly from the stiff level of competition that was growing significantly across the Chinese markets as posed by international players such as dell, HP etc. The opportunities to Lenovo as identified from the case are the potential for exploring the international markets through its sound ability of innovation and excellence in respect to its offerings to its customers (Keller, Aperia Georgson, 2012). Challenges to Lenovo after Acquisition Before the acquisition of IBM, Lenovo has been operating a very small level, as the company has performed its operations only in the Chinese markets. However, the acquisition of IBM has necessitated Lenovo to make significant changes across its business models so that it can target its customers worldwide. It has been evaluated from the analysis that the main challenge immediately after the acquisition of IBM by Lenovo is that the company has to perform the marketing and management of its business at the global level. It needs to devise strategies that are aimed at targeting its customers in the world market. The second major challenge that has been evident in respect to Lenovo after the acquisition is that the company has to make adequate level of differences between the IBM products and Lenovo products. This is mainly because it needs to maintain two different brands separately and have to position their uniqueness in order to promote both of them in the global market (Fill, 2009). This is mainly because Lenovo cannot afford to lose its master brand at the same of promoting or maintaining IBM brands of product and it needs to manage both these brands. This has been a major challenge to the company, and the challenge also gets complex because the core principle of innovation and efficiency are integrated across the business principles of both IBM and Lenovo. These aspects have presented challenges to the company in maintaining both these brands after the acquisition. The challenges to Lenovo are not over, but the case analysis has indicated that the brand is faced with significant other challenges after the acquisition. As for instance, it has been assessed that Lenovo is mainly from Chinese oriented culture whereas IBM is a global organisation. The integration of culture across both these organisations has been a major challenge that was evident in respect to Lenovo. The cultural clash within employees is quite evident after the acquisition that has been carrie d out. This is mainly because IBM management operates as per US timetable which differs significantly from Chinese timetable (DallOlmo Riley, 2010). These are the major challenges that have been directly evident in respect to the performance of Lenovo after the acquisition of IBM has been taken place. The managerial challenges in the form of cultural differences across the two businesses and the need for maintaining separate business profile for both Lenovo and IBM has been the utmost difficult challenge to the Lenovos management after the acquisition. Advantages and Disadvantages to Lenovo for Different Branding Strategies An analysis of the case study has indicated that there are different branding strategies that have been considered by Lenovo as a part of its promotion at the global level. The company has little overall awareness across the international markets, and in order to raise its awareness level, the company has considered for different range of branding strategies. An analysis of the advantages as well as disadvantages of these strategies as considered are indicated as follows: Using Master Brand Strategy- This branding strategy implies that it requires businesses to focus specifically only their master brand while performing its promotion. The master branding strategy has the advantage in terms of better promotion of the master brand of the company. This is mainly because such master branding allows companies in focusing all its resources on a single brand. Contrary to this, the disadvantage associated with this master brand strategy is that it leaves with lesser overall resources to the firm in paying attention towards enhancing its other sub-brands that are operational (De Wit Meyer, 2005). House of Brand Strategy: This is another important branding strategy which involves the usage of large number of brands by the company in promoting its performance. It requires contribution of resources towards each sub-brand by the firm. The advantage of this branding strategy is that it allows for sufficient level of contribution or attention of the management towards different sub-brands of the company, and none of them get missed. As a result, there would be the possibility of attaining improved level of performance in respect to all the sub-brands of the company. Apart from this, the disadvantage is that it detracts the attention of the management from focusing only their major brands and ultimately, their performance might suffer (Quelch Knoop, 2006). Synergy Approach: The synergy approach to branding indicates a branding strategy whereby a master brand is being promoted in conjunction with a hero i.e. sub-brand. As in the given case of Lenovo, the master brand is the Lenovo itself and the sub-brand is IBM. This strategy has the advantage in the sense that the positive image of the sub-brand assists efficiently in promoting master brand within its target customers. This has been the advantage in respect to Lenovo in the given case study whereby Lenovo has utilised IBM brand in order to promote itself. The advantage is that the company can make use of its sub-brand in promoting its master brand whereas the disadvantage is mainly that this strategy cannot be possible if the sub-brand of the company is not that reputed or have strong brand image in the market (Carter, Clegg Kornberger, 2008). Lexus/Toyota Strategy: This has been the fourth major strategy that has been indicated in the given case. This strategy indicates that different brands of the company would represent separate luxury and mass market offerings. This implies that different product would create their own brand image and they would be marketed separately. In this relation, the main advantage of this particular strategy is that each separate brand of the company creates its own image and the resulting impact is that they are self dependent. However, the disadvantage is that in this branding strategy, the management require significant level of efforts in building up its different brands and leading them to higher level of success (Quelch Knoop, 2006). These are the major advantages and disadvantages of different branding strategies that have been identified. They should be considered by organisations before building up their branding strategy in particular. Lenovo Handling Brand Management Challenges: An analysis of the case study has indicated that Lenovo has faced with brand management challenges in its operations, and it is therefore essential that there should be appropriate strategies that must be considered by them. The acquisition of IBM has posed challenges to Lenovo in terms of its efficient brand management. The company faced challenges especially in respect to managing its Lenovo brand and at the same time, maintaining the status quo of its IBM brand. The challenge as faced by Lenovo related to brand management should be addressed by way of considering the synergy approach to managing brand. This is mainly because the IBM brand is already well known international brand and by utilising the effectiveness of its IBM brand, company can consider for promoting its master brand i.e. Lenovo. This strategy would have allowed Lenovo in keeping both its brand separately and distinct image, and at the same time, they could be recognised as two different brands by their customers. This should be the strategy that should have been considered by Lenovo for the purpose of branding its image (Doyle, 2008). Agreement for Lenovos Chosen Strategy: An analysis of the case study has indicated about the Lenovos chosen strategy and it is assessed that Lenovo has considered a simple strategy for the purpose of promoting its brand. It has been identified that a simple strategy of one two punch is being considered by Lenovo whereby the company focused on building up its Lenovo brand and continue to strengthen its ThinkPad product brand. This brand strategy as considered by Lenovo has been extremely effective from the point of view of catering to the needs and expectations of the brand. This is mainly because IBM has its own distinctive image and at the same time, Lenovo has also built up its own unique identity in the Chinese market and is building up its image in the global market. This simple strategy of building both these brands individually has therefore been highly efficient to the company. In addition to this, Lenovo has emphasised towards combining innovation and efficiency element in it s brand and this has proved to be highly successful to the company in addressing the higher level of competition as faced by it. Overall, the branding strategy as considered by Lenovo has been highly effective (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2009). Analysis of Lenovos Strategy through Porter Five Forces: An analysis of the PC industry indicates that the bargaining power of buyer is higher because they have wide range of choices available to them in selecting a particular brand and this led to medium power of suppliers in the industry. The threats of substitute are also increasing with tablets and smartphones being introduced. However, the new entrant threat is lower because of huge investment and reputation required in achieving success in such industry and the competitive condition is extremely tough whereby global players such as Dell and HP are competing heavily. Within such market conditions, it is highly essential that the Lenovos strategy should be to include both the innovative factors and efficiency factor so that the increasing competitive conditions as prevalent across the international markets can be efficiently addressed (Hooley, Saunders Piercy, 2008). Lenovo Becoming a Global Brand On the basis of analysis of the case study, it is assessed that Lenovo has originally been a Chinese brand as it has started its operations from China. However, the company later realised that it needs to go global, and in pursuing such global strategy, there are certain problems that are evident in respect to Lenovo. These problems are mainly because of the fact that Lenovo is mainly a Chinese brand and it is often associated with features such as lower on quality. Further, the case analysis indicated that the company has never been able to compete on basis such as lower cost of products. This is mainly because by lowering simply on the prices of the product, it is likely that its products are associated with lower quality because Lenovo is a Chinese brand. Thus, this particular association of Lenovo as being the Chinese company has affected the company in an adverse way in becoming a global brand (Fifield, 2007). Overcoming Problems- Such problems of associating the company with China by its customers can be overcome through focusing especially on aspects such as quality. Even by way of adapting a cost efficient strategy, Lenovo could still become a major global brand, but it needs to focus on aspects such as innovation, higher quality etc so that it can create distinguished image within its customers. Conclusion This report involved the performance of a critical analysis of the Lenovo case study and the performance of analysis revealed significant level of findings. It has been evaluated that IBM has sold its PC business to Lenovo mainly because of declining performance of the PC selling business, and growing overall effectiveness in respect to the IT consulting services. Lenovo has been identified as the most efficient target customer by IBM because of the easy agreement to all the conditions of IBM by it. The analysis has also indicated about the factors that have explained the success of Lenovo prior to acquisition and it has been evaluated that the major factors that have attributed success to Lenovo are the ability of the company in providing cards that translates English language into Chinese and also the ability of Lenovo to innovate and provide highly efficient products and services to its customers. However, the case analysis has also indicated that there are various major challenge s that are evident in respect to Lenovos performance after the acquisition and these are identified in terms of cross cultural compatibilities between the management of both these companies, and also the issue of maintaining brand image of both these companies. The analysis has also indicated about the advantages and disadvantages of the branding strategies as considered by Lenovo and finally, it is assessed that Lenovo faced problems in becoming a global brand because it mainly comes from China. References Carter, C., Clegg, S. Kornberger, M. (2008), A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book About Studying Strategy, SAGE Publications, London, England. De Wit, B. Meyer, M., (2005) Strategy Synthesis: Resolving Strategy Paradoxes to Create Competitive Advantage (Texts Readings), Thompson Learning, UK DallOlmo Riley, F. (2010). Editors Introduction: Brand Management (pp. xxiii xxxi). In: DallOlmo Riley, F. (ed.) Brand Management, London: Sage Doyle, P. (2008), Value-Based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth Shareholder Value, 2nd edition, John Wiley Sons, Chichester, England. Fill, C. (2009) Marketing Communications: interactivity, communities and content. Fifth edition, Prentice Hall. Fifield, F. (2007), Marketing Strategy: The Difference between Marketing and Markets, Butterworth-Heinemann, Elservier, Harlow, England. Hooley G.J, Saunders J. Piercy N.F. (2008), Marketing Strategy Competitive Positioning, 4th edition, Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2009). Fundamentals of Strategy. Essex: Pearson. Kapferer, Jean-Noel (2008) The new strategic brand management. London: Kogan Page Keller, K.L., Aperia, T., Georgson, M. (2012), Strategic Brand Management, A European Perspective, ISBN 978-0-273-70632-8 Publisher: Harlow, England: FT/ Prentice Hall Pettigrew, A., Thomas, H. Whittington, R. (2002), Handbook of Strategy Management, SAGE Publications, London, England Quelch, J,. Knoop, C. (2006) Lenovo: Building a Global Brand, Harvard Business School. Sharp, B. (2010). How brands grow. Victoria, Australia: Oxford University Press. Whittington, R., (2001), What is Strategy and Does it Matter? Routledge, London

Women in music an Example by

Women in music It has been written that Western Music originated in the Western world which includes Western Classical music, Western and Country, American Jazz, Pop music, and Rock and Roll. Western Music was also related to old an English, Scottish, and Irish folk ballad which were originally composed by the people from Western America and Western Canada as well. It is also influenced by Mexican music, particularly in the American Southwest, which added to its development. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia). Need essay sample on "Women in music" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Women's involvement in western music have different roles such as audience, as participant, as a sponsor and as a creator (Cyrus, 2003). According to Touliatos (1996), during the period of early Christianity in Byzantium, Byzantine women are considered inferior to men in intellectual and spiritual aspect. With this, we can assume that womens involvement in music is very minimal. We have known before that few numbers of women are associated with prostitution so they are forbidden to perform using musical instruments, specially the unmarried women. Also in Byzantine society the result of being a single woman who cannot act freely chooses between marriage and the monastery (Touliatos 1996). As I read the life of this woman named Fanny Mendelssohn, I realized that she is a good example of a woman who has a unique talent in music but surpassed so many trials before her music became known. Fanny expresses an exceptional ability in music as a child and she loves to write music. However, his father did support her with her desire to write compositions but she is being tolerated at least. The reason behind this is the notion that women should only stay at home and later will become a housewife. Abraham, her father, was a well-off banker at that time. Fanny has a brother named Felix who is also talented so they became well gifted composers and pianists. However, Fannys talent as a composer was quite comparable to those of her brother but her father is having a contrasting attitude towards this calling which he considers inappropriate for a young lady. With this Felix carried on this opposition after their father's death until Fanny decided to pursue what she wants to do and finally she got married. Felix becomes supportive with her sister about her composition and performance at last but he was also being cautious for family reasons so he published Fannys works under her own name and some of her songs are published under his own name as well. In turn Fanny helped Felix by to constructive his own pieces by criticizing it. It was then that her music becomes known through concert performances and by the released of CDs on labels. Fannys repute has been highly developed by a research for female musical creativity, where she is one few exemplars during early 19th century (Pendle, 1991). In conclusion, women dont always appear inferior to men when it comes to music. As of this generation, the 21st century, there are top female artist in the field of music, who continually inspires people by their song compositions and the like. Similar to Fanny, and the rest of the women of their times and the present, it is indeed a good experience from the past that women are deprived of getting involved into music, because they only proved that everybody is accepted whether men or women in the music industry. Many women are living proof that we are splendidly proficient in creating an important and long-lasting cultural contribution such as being composers, performers, patrons, poets, and subject of musical expression. Widely know from being criticized in olden days, what is important is the involvement that women made to the world of Musical history. References Cyrus, C.J., (2003) Medieval Women and Music. Touliatos, Diane. (1996). Women Composer: Music Through the Ages, vol. I Composers Born Before 1599, eds.Martha Furman Schleifer and Sylvia Glickman. New York: G.K. Hall, pp. 1-24.Pendle, K. (1991), Women in Music: A History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

11th Commandment - Definition in Politics

11th Commandment - Definition in Politics The 11th commandment is an informal rule in the Republican Party mistakenly attributed to Presidential Ronald Reagan that discourages attacks on members of the party and encourages candidates to be kind to each other. The 11th commandment states: Thou shalt not speak ill of any Republican. The other thing about the 11th commandment: Nobody pays attention to it anymore. The 11th commandment  is not meant to discourage healthy debate over policy or political philosophy between Republican candidates for office. It is designed to prevent GOP candidates from launching into personal attacks that would damage the eventual nominee in his general-election contest with the Democratic opponent or preclude him from taking office. In modern politics, the 11th commandment has failed to prevent Republicans candidates from attacking each other. A good example is the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, in which eventual nominee and President-elect Donald Trump routinely disparaged his opponents. Trump referred to Republican U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio as little Marco, U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz as Lyin Ted, and former Florida Jeb Bush as a very low energy kind of guy. The 11th commandment is dead, in other words. Origin of 11th Commandment The origin of the 11th commandment is most often credited to former Republican President Ronald Reagan. Though Reagan used the term many times to discourage infighting in the GOP, he did not come up with 11th commandment. The term was first used by Calfornias Republican Party chairman, Gaylord B. Parkinson, before Reagans first campaign for governor of that state in 1966. Parkinson had inherited a party that was deeply divided. While Parkinson is believed to have first issued that commandment Thou shalt not speak ill of any Republican, he added: Henceforth, if any Republican has a grievance against another, that grievance is not to be bared publicly. The term 11th commandment is a reference to the original 10 commandments handed down by God on how humans should behave. Reagan is often mistakenly given credit with coining the 11th commandment because he was a devout believer in it since first running for political office in California. Reagan wrote in the autobiography An American Life: The personal attacks against me during the primary finally became so heavy that the state Republican chairman, Gaylord Parkinson, postulated what he called the Eleventh Commandment: Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow Republican. Its a rule I followed during that campaign and have ever since. When Reagan challenged President Gerald Ford for the Republican nomination in 1976, he declined to attack his opponent. I will not put aside the 11th commandment for anyone, Reagan said in announcing his candidacy. 11th Commandment Role in Campaigns The 11th commandment itself has become a line of attack during Republican primaries. Republican candidates often accuse their intraparty rivals of violating the 11th commandment by running negative television ads or leveling misleading charges. In the 2012 Republican presidential contest, for example, Newt Gingrich accused a super PAC that was supporting front-runner Mitt Romney of violating the 11th commandment in the run-up to the Iowa Caucuses. The super PAC, Restore Our Future, questioned Gingrichs record as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Gingrich responded on the campaign trail in Iowa by saying, I believe in Reagans 11th commandment. He then went on to criticize Romney, calling the former governor a Massachusetts moderate, among other things. Erosion of 11th Commandment Some conservative thinkers have argued that most Republican candidates have forgotten about or simply choose to ignore the 11th commandment in modern politics. They believe the abandonment of the principle has undermined the Republican Party in elections. In a tribute to Reagan following his death in 2004, U.S. Sen. Byron L. Dorgan said the 11th commandment has been long forgotten, regrettably. I am afraid that todays politics have taken a turn for the worse. President Reagan was agressive in debate but always respectful. I believe he personified the notion that you can disagree without being disagreeable. The 11th commandment was not intended to prohibit Republican candidates from engaging in reasonable debates over policy or pointing out differences between themselves and their rivals. Reagan, for example, was unafraid of challenging his fellow Republicans over their policy decisions and political ideology. Reagans interpretation of the 11th commandment was that the rule was meant to discourage personal attacks between Republican candidates. The line between a spirited conversation over policy and philosophical difference, though, and speaking ill of an opponent is often blurry.

Qué es TPS y beneficios migratorios a centroamericanos

Quà © es TPS y beneficios migratorios a centroamericanos El Estatus de Proteccià ³n Temporal, conocido como TPS por sus siglas en inglà ©s, es un beneficio que otorgan las autoridades de Estados Unidos a migrantes indocumentados de determinados paà ­ses en donde existe una situacià ³n grave de inestabilidad, como una guerra civil o un desastre natural. No todos los migrantes indocumentados procedentes de paà ­ses en conflicto pueden beneficiarse de un TPS. Las autoridades de Estados Unidos deben emitir una declaracià ³n formal extendiendo proteccià ³n TPS a los nacionales de un paà ­s en particular. Puntos Clave: TPS El TPS es una proteccià ³n temporal otorgada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos a los migrantes de paà ­ses en situaciones de inestabilidad grave.Beneficios migratorios por TPS: los migrantes no pueden ser deportados, cuentan con permiso de trabajo y pueden solicitar permiso para viajar fuera de EE.UU. y regresar.Paà ­ses centroamericanos amparados bajo TPS: El Salvador, Nicaragua y Honduras.  ¿Quà © paà ­ses tienen TPS? En la actualidad, los ciudadanos de 10 paà ­ses pueden beneficiarse de un TPS, en tanto reà ºnan los requisitos establecidos en sus respectivas declaraciones de Estatus de Proteccià ³n Temporal: El Salvador, Haità ­, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Siria, Somalia, Sudn, Sudn del Sur y Yemen. En estos momentos, la situacià ³n del TPS para El Salvador, Nicaragua, Haità ­ y Sudn es voltil debido a que la administracià ³n del Presidente Donald Trump dictaminà ³ el fin del programa, pero la orden preliminar de una corte de distrito impide, por el momento, la ejecucià ³n de dicha decisià ³n.  ¿Cules son las protecciones migratorias para los migrantes con TPS? Las protecciones migratorias para los migrantes indocumentados con TPS aprobado o elegibles para TPS son las siguientes: No pueden ser deportados ni detenidos por razones migratorias.Tienen derecho a un permiso de trabajo conocido como EAD.Pueden obtener un permiso para viajar fuera de EE.UU. y regresar.Pueden solicitar un nà ºmero del Seguro Social y sacar la licencia de manejar. Sin embargo, un TPS no es un camino directo hacia la tarjeta de residencia permanente, conocida como green card. En otras palabras, un TPS no se convierte en una green card al cabo del paso del tiempo y de manera automtica. Tampoco es un camino hacia la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Cabe destacar que, como condicià ³n indispensable para obtener los beneficios del TPS, es obligatorio estar en Estados Unidos en el momento en que se produce la declaracià ³n de las autoridades estadounidenses otorgando TPS a un determinado paà ­s. En otras palabras, el TPS no beneficia a los migrantes que llegaron en fecha posterior a dicha declaracià ³n. Tambià ©n es imprescindible haber solicitado el TPS en los 18 meses siguientes al inicio del programa y haber solicitado la extensià ³n cada vez que se decretà ³ la misma. Situacià ³n de TPS para salvadoreà ±os El TPS para El Salvador se aprobà ³ en 2001 y desde entonces se extendià ³ en sucesivas ocasiones. En la actualidad, unos 200.000 salvadoreà ±os se benefician del mismo, aunque estn en riesgo de perderlo. En enero de 2018, el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DSH, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) anuncià ³ que no iba a extender el TPS para El Salvador y que este caducarà ­a en septiembre de 2019. Sin embargo, segà ºn una orden preliminar en el caso Ramos et al v. Nielsen et al, el DHS no puede poner fin a la proteccià ³n de TPS. Mientras tanto, para los salvadoreà ±os que pidieron la à ºltima extensià ³n de su TPS, tienen que haber recibido la carta Notice of Continued Evidence of Work Authorization enviada por USCIS. Esta puede presentarse junto con el permiso de trabajo como prueba de que se est autorizado para trabajar en Estados Unidos. Las personas que no han recibido la carta y cumplen los requisitos (como haber solicitado la extensià ³n del TPS dentro de plazo a principios de 2018) pueden solicitarla marcando al 1-800-375-5283 o comunicndose con Emma, la asistente virtual de USCIS. TPS y beneficiarios nicaragà ¼enses La situacià ³n de los nicaragà ¼enses con TPS es similar a la de los salvadoreà ±os. El gobierno de EE.UU. anuncià ³ el fin de ese programa el 5 de julio de 2019, pero la orden preliminar de una corte de distrito del norte de California ha dejado, por el momento, vigente el programa, y se est a la espera de futuras decisiones judiciales. Mientras tanto, entre 2.500 y 5.000 nicaragà ¼enses siguen amparados por el TPS con permisos de trabajo con fecha de vencimiento de 2 de abril de 2019. El gobierno de Estados Unidos concedià ³ el TPS para Nicaragua en 1999, despuà ©s de que el huracn Mitch devastà ³ el paà ­s. Pudieron acogerse al programa los nicaragà ¼enses que demostraron haber ingresado a EE.UU. el 30 de diciembre de 1998 o antes y haber estado en el paà ­s de forma continua desde el 5 de enero de 1999. TPS para hondureà ±os A mediados de 2008, el gobierno de Trump extendià ³ el TPS para hondureà ±os hasta el 5 de enero de 2020. Aproximadamente unos 57.000 hondureà ±os tienen TPS, bajo la resolucià ³n que fue aprobada en 1998 tras los desastres provocados en su paà ­s por el paso del huracn Mitch.  ¿Quà © pueden hacer los migrantes con TPS para arreglar sus papeles? Teniendo en consideracià ³n que el TPS no se convierte nunca automticamente en una tarjeta de residencia permanente y que existe la amenaza real de que el TPS caduque, es conveniente explorar si existen posibilidades de quedarse en Estados Unidos legalmente. En primer lugar, es posible para algunos migrantes ajustar su estatus cuando hay una peticià ³n. Por ejemplo, una solicitud de papeles presentada por un ciudadano estadounidense para su cà ³nyuge o por un hijo nacido en EE.UU. mayor de 21 para su padre o su madre. En ambos casos, para que sea posible el ajuste de estatus es necesario que el migrante haya ingresado legalmente a EE.UU., aunque luego se hubiera convertido en indocumentado al no salir dentro del plazo autorizado. Cabe destacar que los migrantes que ingresaron a EE.UU. cruzando ilegalmente la frontera no pueden ajustar su estatus por peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge ciudadano ni de hijos ciudadanos. Estas peticiones deben finalizarse en una embajada o consulado de EE.UU. y esa salida del paà ­s lleva aparejada, en muchos casos, que se active el castigo de 3 a 10 aà ±os que impide regresar por ese tiempo. La à ºnica excepcià ³n son los migrantes que califiquen para obtener un perdà ³n provisional por dureza extrema antes de viajar fuera de EE.UU., ya que aunque tendrà ­a que salir del paà ­s para presentarse a la entrevista en un consulado podrà ­an regresar inmediatamente despuà ©s de la misma. En segundo lugar, serà ­a posible para algunos migrantes acogerse al asilo polà ­tico. Aunque en principio hay que solicitarlo en el plazo de un aà ±o desde que se ingresa a EE.UU., el TPS paraliza ese cà ³mputo, ya que es una circunstancia extraordinaria que, en el lenguaje legal del asilo, para el reloj. En tercer lugar, los migrantes que son familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano que sirve en el Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos o es veterano o reservista podrà ­an regularizar su situacià ³n y sacar la green card por medio del programa conocido como Parole in Place. Finalmente, los migrantes và ­ctimas de ciertos crà ­menes podrà ­an obtener beneficios migratorios a travà ©s de la visa T para casos de trfico humano. Esta opcià ³n tambià ©n aplica para la visa U, para casos de personas que han colaborado en la resolucià ³n de ciertos crà ­menes o la condena de los victimarios, asà ­ como el programa VAWA para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica para cà ³nyuges de ciudadanos o residentes permanentes legales. En algunos casos esta proteccià ³n tambià ©n se extiende a los padres e hijos de los mismos. Es importante evitar ser và ­ctima de fraude de asesores no calificados que juegan con la desesperacià ³n de los migrantes. Es recomendable consultar el caso de cada persona con un abogado calificado o un representante acreditado por el Departamento de Justicia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.